This paper discusses Social DEVELOPMENT Approach (SDA) to poverty reduction programs and social welfare. Some objective and subjective (cultural) processes, at the late decades of 21th century, have challenged the prevalent patterns of poverty reduction and social welfare, which has led to the proposal of social DEVELOPMENT or community-based DEVELOPMENT approach. This new approach is different from traditional welfare approach, in terms of its indexes, aims, concentrations, methods, measures and agents. The first section of this paper deals with historical and conceptual background of SDA and the second section proposes the concept of "community-based poverty reduction and social welfare". This concept extends SDA to local levels specially at urban areas. The third section of this article traces the SDA approach in the fourth DEVELOPMENT PLAN; and The last section of the paper sums up proposed arguments and insights, and emphasizes the necessity of implementing SDA in to welfare and poverty reduction activities and PLANs in the country.

This Article introduces the new approaches and new schools of policy making and DEVELOPMENT PLANning and the role of ICT by concerning on the new role of ICT on DEVELOPMENT. By emphasizing on the effect factors on emerging “Knowledge Society” as a base for DEVELOPMENT of communication, this article study the DEVELOPMENT PLANs in Iran.

After reviewing the lack of optimal implementation of FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN (performance report of FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN, 1391), this paper was written with the aim of recognizing the most important barriers to implementation of FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN in the health and culture section and with inductive approach and utilizing the qualitative research method and in-depth interview technique with experts expressed the most important barriers to FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN’ implementation. These barriers are as follows: absence of government political will and commitment to PLAN, inefficient human resource and failing in executives’ education, failing in supervision and evaluation, executives’ unfamiliarity to PLAN, errors of the law PLAN, failing in financial resources and budgeting, and improper administrative system.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation PLANs, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation PLANs, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation PLANs were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American PLANning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban DEVELOPMENT projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation PLANs in urban and land use PLANning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-PLAN" and "evaluation-PLAN" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation PLANs in urban and land use PLANning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT PLANs using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban PLANs. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American PLANning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban DEVELOPMENT PLANning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT PLANs, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban DEVELOPMENT projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Water is as a valuable material that is limited and is used for economic sections such as production, infrastructure and services. Urban water distribution network and healthy sewerage system like many other utilities, traditionally was the duties of government. But current experiments show that provision of utilities needed wasn't according to expectations. In law of amendment of article of fourth PLAN of government DEVELOPMENT, privatization has been chosen as a solution for solving these problems.What are obstacles of privatization of water and wastewater companies (Tehran)? To know obstacles, some descriptive research with applicatory aim was done. In first questionnaire, 39 experts' opinions were taken about (Tehran) water and wastewater industry section which were faculty member of water and sewage department of university in water and electricity industry, and in second questionnaire 15 persons' opinions was taken.The result of research according to current hypothesis is that there are structural, economic, social and cultural, legal, and political obstacles in privatization of water and sewage companies especially in Tehran to private sector. By using dematel and fuzzy logy, economic, “social and cultural” obstacles as effective and other “legal”, “structural” and “political” obstacles are influenced by two former obstacles. So by decreasing economic, social and cultural obstacles because of affecting on other obstacles, changes in direction of decreasing legal, structural and political obstacles would happen.

Introduction: Decreasing regional differences, particularly between cities and villages for preventing human and funds movement and migration are very effective in providing the DEVELOPMENT. Spatial inequity causes the place not to be used best, provides the means of geographical accumulation of poverty and the intensity of privation in some regions, weakens national and social coherent, makes the best and voluntarily allocation of human force specially expert human force in regions impossible, increases impolitic migrations and makes the best distribution of the population in space, impossible. In short, spatial inequity increases the probability of poverty, unemployment, marginalization, migration and injustice.DEVELOPMENT means the increasing of human abilities in well exploiting of his environment. Rational exploiting depends on economic, social and cultural properties. Therefore, every condition that is effective in increasing the abilities in regions, prepares the way for DEVELOPMENT. Migration, poverty, low production and exploiting, unemployment, etc. in different regions of the country are the result of inefficient operations of economic, social and cultural organizations, overpopulation and discriminatory policies for cities and villages and lack of welfare, producing and fundamental facilities. This study answers the following question: What is the distribution of state funds during the fourth DEVELOPMENT PLAN in the province?

Introduction: the aim of this research is to analyze the situation of the sustainable DEVELOPMENT in the third and FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLAN of iran considering Sen's concept of capability and quality of life, identifying the gap with optimal level. it also determines some factors on sustainable DEVELOPMENT in the current situation of the country.Method: the research has two phase and methods. The first one includes narrative review and content analysis of iran's DEVELOPMENT PLANs. The second one is hypothesis analysis on the basis of sen's sustainability index and the analysis of the results.Findings: sustainable DEVELOPMENT is determined with three focal points, human, socio-economic and environmental DEVELOPMENT, considering the benefits of all generations and in Sen's approach the concept of capability and freedom. Considering this approach in the third and FORTH PLANs, some indicators of sustainability like environment preservation and equal opportunity for promotion of human security and empowerment were included in paper but not the on the level of policy making.conclusion: The situation of sustainable DEVELOPMENT in the third DEVELOPMENT PLAN has been unsatisfactory and the grade of sustainability index is negative, but its trend has been gradually improving in such way that in the last year of the PLAN we notice positive grade. It exceeded to the FORTH PLAN, so we have maximum grade in the year2006. it again fell in the years 2007-80.The other important result is that in the current situation of our country, socio-economic factor is the most important Factor sustainable DEVELOPMENT and associated must be strengthened. In addition, after receiring an acceptable level. DEVELOPMENT. cultural and social factors should get importance in policy making. It needs policy makers to take sustainability approach in DEVELOPMENT procedure.

Knowledge management in police viewed as a guide for turning in to a knowledge-based and networking organization which regarded as a most important stage in policing guidance fields. The management as a conceptual point has rooted in necessity of evolution in policing opinions, national patterns and the necessity of knowledge based policing. In complicated and dynamic fields, the need for knowledge has been developed increasingly. NAJA with the goal of policing knowledge DEVELOPMENT has taken the vital actions on its agenda and has drawn up future knowledge diagram of 1404s perspective. At this point, knowledge management has been regarded as the main key of success in this field. Through implementation of this structural outlook with the help of knowledge orientation outputs, some principals and special dimensions have been designed and performed which its main trend is knowledge management in the field of policing-security and with the aim of impression on security and order mission performance. Knowledge management of policing can take the fundamental steps toward more efficiency and productivity of police missions and removing possible weak points through formulation and enjoying the collection and sorting staffs experiences. Considering and explaining the concepts, principles, guides and structure in knowledge based system of NAJA is the main goal of this research. Moreover, with regard to the knowledge based structure of NAJA in FORTH DEVELOPMENT Program, some efforts have been taken towards drawing the path on producing and maintenance of knowledge in NAJA that to be considered as an acquiring system through the process of knowledge management. This research has been implemented with the descriptive-analytic approach. In order to developing knowledge management in NAJA, a group of factors should be regarded. Classification of these factors can make the organization employing the tools regularly and systematic for more efficiency in NAJA.

This study researched changing consumer price and expenditure to get animal protein and calorie in order to achieve goal of FORTH DEVELOPMENT PLANe for urban Iranian households. Quadratic almost ideal demand system (QAIDS) during of 1982-2007 was used. Also own, cross price and expenditure elasticity was estimated. According of this result price and expenditure protein and calorie elasticity was estimated. The result showed that changing of poultry meat price had maximum impact. Calorie elasticity of poultry meat was larger than protein group. A Expenditure elasticity of protein and calorie were positive and equal .86 and .87 in protein groups so this group was a normal good.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actions and results of the rural DEVELOPMENT policies and their effects on the efficiency and effectiveness of the rural DEVELOPMENT policy in the Sixth DEVELOPMENT PLAN and to apply the lessons learned in the Seventh DEVELOPMENT PLAN. Methodology: As to the purpose, the present research was applied and in terms of methodology, it was descriptive. In the general methodological framework of the research, to study the goals, outputs and consequences of sustainable rural DEVELOPMENT policies, policy monitoring method was used in order to monitor and evaluate the rural DEVELOPMENT policy in accordance with the Five-Year Sixth DEVELOPMENT PLAN. The statistical population of the research included the bills and laws of budgets and programs as well as reports on the performance of government and parliament in the field of rural DEVELOPMENT on the one hand, and critical and evaluation researches on rural DEVELOPMENT programs, on the other hand. In this regard, directional content analysis based on the above documents was used in the framework of policy monitoring method. Findings: Evaluation of rural DEVELOPMENT policy's performance in DEVELOPMENT programs focusing on the Sixth DEVELOPMENT PLAN shows that despite the success in the outputs, in terms of their consequences, they do not correspond to the predetermined goals. Besides, the evaluation of actions and outputs of rural DEVELOPMENT policies indicate a serious imbalance between the ratio of employment and production credits to physical, service and infrastructure credits, as well as incompatibility of objectives and elements of rural DEVELOPMENT policy with bills and laws. In addition, findings of the experiences in the field of critique and evaluation of rural DEVELOPMENT programs, the lack of a comprehensive approach in designing a model for rural DEVELOPMENT and finally, the lack of a specialized and efficient agent for supporting rural DEVELOPMENT policy are all the main sources of failure in reaching the desired objectives and tasks of the rural DEVELOPMENT policies in the Sixth DEVELOPMENT PLAN. Originality/Value: In addition to exposing a theoretical gap in the investigated area, this research has also explained the evaluation framework of the rural DEVELOPMENT policy based on the components of sustainable rural DEVELOPMENT. From a practical point of view, using the policy analysis method, it has provided the possibility for evaluating the performance of the rural DEVELOPMENT policy based on the latest implementation measures in the DEVELOPMENT PLANs.